Division of Labor According to Gender in Virginia Woolfs A Room of One

Division of Labor According to Gender in Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own Virginia Woolf, in her treatise A Room of One's Own, identified a gendered division of labor. For her, men work in the market place and make the money while the women, the upper class women at least, attend to the social pleasantries and household management. While she lamented this state of affairs, she did not present, as Gilman did, a model for existence that would allow men and women to operate on the same level. However, a direct comparison to Gilman is somewhat unfair as she was not focused on the status of women in the economy so much as the status of women as writers. Like Gilman, Woolf saw this division between a man's work and a woman's work as a socially constructed conceit. Unlike Gilman, Woolf advocated a further break between the world of men and women. Woolf saw the status of women as a socially constructed situation. She certainly does blame the patriarchy for this, however, blame also falls on the women. "At the thought of all those women working year after year and finding it hard to get two thousand pounds together...we burst out in scorn at the reprehensible poverty of our sex" (Woolf 21). It is not that Woolf pitied the situation of British women, she scorned it. She declared that women were responsible for their own "reprehensible" state (21). She lamented: "If only Mrs. Seton and her mother and her mother before her had learnt the great art of making money and had left their money...to the use of their own sex...we might have looked forward...to a pleasant and honourable lifetime spent in the shelter of one of the liberally endowed professions" (21). The fact that it was "their fathers and their grandfathers bef... ...the broader situation of the implicit implications of the sexual divisions of labor. While certainly women in academic positions will mitigate the misogyny of Professor von X, it proposes little to change women's attitude towards making money for their own descendants. We are left to assume that a change in the intellectual elite will percolate down into the ranks of the working class. Whatever the problematic implications, Woolf called for a new era where "[women] have the habit of freedom and the courage to write exactly what [they] think" (Woolf 113). She closed her treatise on a comment pointed at the female writers of her age: "I maintain that she [Shakespeare's sister] would come if we worked for her, and that so to work, even in poverty and obscurity, is worth while" (114). References Woolf, V. A Room of One's Own. London: Harcourt, 1929. 1

Liberty, Property, Security, and Resistance to Oppression Essay

In recent times, France has experienced monumental events that foreshadow quite a different future for France, and the beginning of a new revolutionary regime. Disorder and theft have unfortunately accompanied violent events and in response: the formation of the National Guard. The Guard is composed of professional soldiers, foreign mercenaries, merchant and shopkeepers’ sons, and sons of the most comfortable master workers and journeymen, and other â€Å"active† tax paying citizens of the middle class. With such an important role as to maintain order and law in France and to protect the Constitution, it is presumed that the Commander General of this Guard must be one whom is well versed in commanding a large force. I, Marquis de Lafayette, have this experience. Having been granted the position of Major General and forming close relations with General George Washington in the American Revolution, I performed to the best of my ability on the terms of no pay and as a volunteer. I received a formal recognition from the United States Congress for my services in the Rhode Island expedition, have gained much respect for my tactics in battle, and ensured the Revolution was all but won with my success in the Battle of Yorktown. As a key component in the success of the American Revolution and as a General in the French Army, I ask of you all to now grant me the position of Commander General of the National Guard of Paris. Furthermore, I ask for your support of an important piece of legislature, The Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This document sets forth â€Å"in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred rights of man, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all the members of the Social body, shall remind [you] continually of [your] rights and duties; in order that the acts of the legislative power, as well as those of the executive power, may be compared at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political institutions and may thus be more respected, and, lastly, in order that the grievances of the citizens, based hereafter upon simple and incontestable principles, shall tend to the maintenance of the constitution and redound to the happiness of all,† (Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen). Do not let France devolve into anarchy, and let us continue to exercise our universal and natural rights for the benefit of and all and the future of France!

12 Angry Men The Image of American Democracy with Its Flaws

12 Angry Men The Image of American Democracy with Its Flaws â€Å"12 Angry Men† is an unequaled masterpiece of American literature, which serves to unfold the poignant matters of the legal system, justice, and democracy as it is. â€Å"12 Angry Men† is a gorgeous image of the American democracy in action. Deep inside the play holds a profound patriotic credence in the legal system  in general. This dramatical piece concerns the deliberations of the jury of a homicide trial, centering on Juror Eight, who was the only hanger-back in the whole guilty vote. He didn’t want to prove that others were wrong, he wanted them to look at the situation without personal prejudices or inclinations. Reginald Rose, the author of the play, deliberately uncovers the true men’s faces to see the full picture of America itself. Democracy in Action Abraham Lincoln once said that democracy is the government â€Å"of the people, by the people, and for the people†, and â€Å"12 Angry Men† is the effort to remind about our responsibilities. The democracy will work flawlessly when we honestly carry out our duties when we try to understand each other and stay consolidated, otherwise, the nation will fall. Eventually, the whole point of the jury’s deliberation was not about declaring the accused one guilty or innocent, but about the ability of all those absolutely different 12 men to figure out how to cooperate and make a resolution. WHY DIVERSE TEAMS ARE MORE SUCCESSFUL? The play uses not-using-name approach, addressing to each man as his juror number. This concept totally justifies itself, because such an anonymity makes this drama germane for anyone anywhere in America. The overall situation intends to make a disturbing social comment on the whole legal system of the country and the way prejudices influence it. Justice vs. Prejudice Each juror described in the play wants the verdict to be fair, but the problem is that everyone sees justice in a different light and there is no unique definition of it among the jurors. Juror Eight seeks to remind that when talking about JUSTICE, our desires, passions, backgrounds and failings do not count. This thought made everyone doubt about their personal definition of fairness and look for the right one. Cindy Coffey, an American history blogger, makes such a point: â€Å"This play becomes a public service announcement of sorts in reminding the public that our democratic system renders someone innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt and the civic responsibilities of American citizens should be taken seriously as a right and an honor of being a member of that democratic society.† The United States Constitution, the art of compromise in the modern world, has a principle of an equitable doubt, which means that a defendant is considered to be innocent until proven guilty. This is one of the most enlightened parts of the document, still, some Americans do not understand it as intended. It is just inappropriate to accept blindly the testimony, without any pursuit to figure it out. Doubt – is a powerful thing sometimes. For the Sake of the Country In the play, we distinctly see, that jurors have different and totally unacceptable reasons to convict the accused. While Juror Eight tries to start a serious dialogue about the fate of the accused, others play Tic Tac Toe or just want to leave for Yankees game, another one gets over the flu etc. Is this the design of democracy as we want to see it? Is it really an effective system, when everyone seems to be so indifferent and unenthusiastic about the treatment the accused and so the whole judicial system? The lack of seriousness makes it pointless. Moreover, convicting someone in the terrible crime  due to their social class and/or the race makes it worthless. The democracy is about the collective sense of civic responsibility and duty as the key to justice within the society. The final shot of the film, describing Juror Eight and Juror Nine shaking their hands and introducing themselves, admits the fact, that the men overcame themselves as individuals in the courthouse in order to become unified about the choice they had to make, the decision they were responsible for and the fate of the person they governed. â€Å"12 Angry Men† is an unequaled masterpiece of American literature, which serves to unfold the poignant matters of the legal system, justice, and democracy as it is. Our duty is to be responsible to the society and to ourselves first of all for the way we act, the way we think and the way we govern our country.

Capital Punishment Ethics Essay Sample

Capital Punishment Ethics Essay Sample Capital Punishment Ethics Essay Capital punishment comprises of execution of a criminal. It is justifiable under the law to counter social ills that affect human life through depriving the criminal the right to life. Moral philosophy under different scholars gives differing views on this form of punishment. The general views either indicate the moral impermissible nature of the punishment as it deprives human life. The second view justifies the existence of it. Your essay has to outline some of the philosophical views on capital punishment. Capital punishment (CP), a retributive form of justice seeks to provide punishment in the same measure as the wrong done by the offender. Stuart Mill, a proponent of the consequentialism ethics states that utility is the standard measure for judgment. The utility also called ’Greatest Happiness Principle’ brings happiness through minimizing any pain. Therefore, consequentialism punishment looks at the net benefits in the future as the reform of the offender, deterrence of similar offenses and safeguarding society. The ultimate goal of CP should be in promoting social utility. In essence, it does the minutest harm with an aggregate of doing the most good to all concerned. CP is, therefore, permissible as a just mechanism based on the social achievement of the desired happiness. Utilitarian looks at the means to an end and not the end alone. Hence, a death penalty may not necessarily be morally permissible based on retribution as deterrence. They further argue that the level of effectiveness of the deterrence arising from a death sentence is not justifiable. Therefore, CP may not be a legitimate mechanism of punishment as the social utility inherent is not warrantable. Additionally, CP only adds up to inhumanity to humanity. In fact, it never erases murder crimes making death penalty an unfair way of administering justice. The second philosophical view borrows from the deontological theories of ethics. These theories stipulate that an act is either wrong or right relative to judicial guidelines. For example, the virtuous ethics which is an act-based theoretical framework promotes the rule of law going contrary to the common good of the people. Underlying its justification for CP is the disposition of good morals to individuals which positively impact on society. Dispositions are cultivated over time which form habits to do right hence, exposition of desirable character. In a way, it deters any form of delinquent behavior in communities. The proponents of the deontological theories such as Aristotle stipulate that retributivism in itself constitute morality. A punishment is therefore meant to serve the moral good in itself. Essentially, a punishment exists not to justify a crime but as a moral commitment as deserved for the wrongdoing. Under Kant’s work on ‘Groundwork of The Metaphysics of Morals (1785),’ he rejects the consequential idea of the achievement of social utility. Kant asserts that crime merits punishment and guilt are necessary and sufficient for judicial punishment. Moral ethics advocates for the good of all people. A death penalty deprives an individual the will to live. Despite the crime done, the punishment should be outlaid with the same weight which does not necessarily mean death. Life imprisonment is one form that can substitute CP yet serve the same purpose. Conquering with the utilitarianism, the punishment should be administered to correct and maintain social utility. CP is unjust when an innocent life gets involved. Life is irreversible and morality calls for just acts that promote human dignity.

International marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International marketing - Assignment Example 67). The Coca-Cola brand is currently sold in over 200 countries. The Coca-Cola Company head quarter is situated in Atlanta, Georgia (Susan, Douglas &Samuel 2005, p.91). The company has as well employed over 300, 000 employees around the world. Over 70% of the company’s products are sold in international market. Due to its accessibility and subsidised cost, the brand has turned out to be one of the most preferred soft drink in the world. The company’s success in global market is significantly brought about by its effective globalisation strategies and strong foothold in many countries. The company’s main competitors are: Cadbury-Schweppes and PepsiCo. Coca-cola however clams over 47% of the global market, with PepsiCo and Cadbury-Schweppes claiming 21% and 8% respectively. The essay below therefore seeks to unveil the Coca-Cola Company standardisation strategy and its impacts to global market. ... The main aim of this strategy is to integrate its global operation by encouraging strong organisational culture. Coca-Cola Company has in the last 25 years systematically changed its standardisation strategy to meet market demands and customers’ needs (Calof & Beamish 2005, p. 131). 1996 standardisation strategy In 1996, the company adopted a very rigid standardisation strategy which was aimed at producing similar flavour of coke brand to all countries across the world. The company as a result produced Coca-Cola brand with similar quality, quantity, and content in all its global production plants (Coca-Cola website, 2012, par. 4). The bottle design and branding were as well identical. This strategy was different from the previous strategy which focused on producing dissimilar brand in different markets. The new strategy was therefore, represented by tagline â€Å"think global, act global†. The strategy proved to be very success in many parts of the world (Zyman 2009, P. 23). As a result, the company registered one of its highest profits in its history. In 1997, the Coca-Cola Company earned 67% of its total revenue. Standardising its products also popularised the company’s Coca-Cola products in global market. Standardising global finance Following the 1999 financial crises in Asian countries, the Coca-Cola Company decided to improve its strategy by standardising its global prices. This was due to the huge loss that was incurred by the company in 1999 financial year. The company witnessed a one third decrease in its profit. To prevent future loss, the company opted to harmonise the prices of its products in the world in order to dominate the global market. To ensure acceptability and profitability of the Coca-Cola brand, the company used loss

Qualities of a great leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qualities of a great leader - Essay Example The enthusiastic personality has proven to be a very effective motivator. They are optimistic and endeavor to boost the moral of others by giving them recognition. Leaders â€Å"who are skilled in understanding interpersonal relations and psychological needs will inspire their whole team by motivating each person through supportive insight, respect, and recognition† (Hart, 1997, p. 48). However, this personality type is over-emotional, has a tough time concentrating on a task and lacks proficient time management ability. They are not assertive, tend to not be judgmental and craves acceptance. The dominant personality craves authority over others and is concerned with obtaining instantaneous results. They pride themselves on making quick decisions and readily accept challenges. This personality is not comfortable being under someone else’s control and prefers to be in charge of multiple activities. They usually have innovative ideas, can problem solve on their own and are sure in their decisions. Unfortunately, these decisions can be hurried and not fully thought out. If those of this personality type are able to modify their shortcomings by exercising greater caution, considering other people’s feelings and becoming more detailed oriented, they are normally some of the most effective leaders (Squier, 2007). A conscientiousness personality performs their duties meticulously while focusing on accuracy and quality. This person is detail oriented and methodically weighs the merits of every situation and is diplomatic when interacting with others. Unlike the domineering but similar to the steady personality, this type performs better when the implementation requirements expectations are plainly spelled out. These people exude a business-like, reserved personality and are likely to question authority figures because they must

Letter of introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Letter of introduction - Essay Example I am attracted to this particular field because of the impact that it brings to our social world. It is not just about the trends but it is about giving the people something to feel good about themselves. Comfort and security in one’s image is very important to me. And this is what I want to impart those I can reach through the field I am choosing to become part of. Self-image and self-confidence is very important for me. It is the root of one’s strength and courage to do things for himself and for others. But even if I have my own beliefs and perspectives, I do not reject other’s opinions just because it does not match mine. Differences are challenges for me and it makes me more aware of what’s happening around me. Just like in fashion, people don’t like the same clothes, colors or designs. Everyone has his own style. This is the same as with beliefs and perspectives. But just the same as in the fashion world, the differences gives us color and lif e. I believe that we should learn to compromise and accept that the world can never be just black and white. I hope that I am able to give you a better understanding of how I think about myself and how I would like others to see me. I am looking forward to the learning experience and relationship that we will have this semester. With respect, (insert your full name)